We have not talked about some problems, such as the CAS-2 and CAS-3 the difference between what we are concerned. Now we already have a basic understanding of the basics for the DRAM, the following article is to introduce some modern memory technology. DRAM reading process is actually in the previous article discussed the DRAM read and write, but in the previous presentation in memory, a better understanding of friends will find only the memory generally read a brief description of many The important details are not discussed in detail. Therefore, we in the contents of this section of the article for a detailed discussion of this process. Here is the asynchronous memory read process steps do not need to because the asynchronous DRAM running the same processor, same frequency, the operation of the control timing signal, addressing basically independent control by the memory chip itself control, so in the discussion of them relatively simple, we only need to consider the case of the DRAM itself (this series of articles is in line with the principle of gradual and orderly progress, so that we better understand the working principle of the memory):
1) The row address through the address bus transfer to the address pins.
2) / RAS pin is activated, the column address will be placed in the row address strobe circuit (Row Address the Latch: In the front part of the article it translated into the column address latch circuit).
3) The row address decoder (Row Address Decoder) to select the correct line and then sent to the sense amplifiers (sense amps).
4) / WE pin is not activated, so the DRAM knows that they are not to write.
5) the column address to the address pins via the address bus transfer.
6) / CAS pin is activated, the column address can be sent to the column address strobe (Column Address the Latch).
7) / CAS pin as an output start signal (Output Enable) / CAS signals on the sensing amplifier, has been found because of the much needed data, Dout pin valid, the data from memory be transmitted to the system.
8) / RAS and / CAS pin stop activated, wait for the next read command.
Memory read, we need to consider two main types of delay. The first category is the delay between consecutive DRAM read operation. Memory can not be in progress finished a read operation as soon as the first two read operations, because the DRAM read operation, including charging and discharging of the capacitor also includes the time of the signal sent in two read operations the middle, leave at least enough time to let the memory of these aspects of the operation. Between two consecutive read operation, the first type of delay / RAS and / CAS precharge delay time. / RAS is activated and deactivation, you must give it enough time to prepare for the next activation.
Of course, in between the two read operations precharge time is not to limit the DRAM speed the only factor. The second delay type is called the internal (inside-the-read) read latency. This delay is the delay between the same two read operations are very similar, but not activated by the stop / RAS and / CAS, but due to the activation / RAS and / CAS. For example, the row access time (tRAC) - it is activated RAS and the data will ultimately appear in the time between the data bus. The same column access time (tCAC) is activated / CAS pin and the data will ultimately appear in the time between the data bus.
Now let's spend a little time to combine the read process described above to study this diagram above:
1) first took a fancy to the first row of the diagram, this period RAS is not activated, we see the data in the third line of the Address the BUS line on the address bus during this period in the pre-charge during the row address to the address pins via the address bus transfer this period the CAS in a precharge state;
2) still took a fancy to the first line in the Figure, the / RAS pin is activated (RAS Active, the gray part), the column address will be placed in the row address strobe circuit (the third line of Address
Bus below) during CAS is still in the pre-charge state; / RAS is activated at the same time, tRAC (row access time) - as shown above the last line of the Data Bus, as shown.
3) After / RAS is activated, the row address decoder (Row Address Decoder) to select the correct line and then sent to the sense amplifiers (sense amps).
4) During this period, the / WE pin has been in an activated state, so the DRAM knows that they are not to write. This state will continue to start write operation until the end.
5) the column address to the address pins via the address bus transfer.
6) / CAS pin is activated (as shown above the third line), the column address can be sent to the column address strobe control (Column Address the Latch). This the time tCAC (column address access time) to start timing.
7) is active during the end of the / CAS / RAS activation is stopped - also about the data found in the vicinity of this time sent to the data bus for data transfer (Figure data Bus), the data bus for data transfer process, the address bus is idle, it does not accept the new data - sent in the data record at the same time tRAC and tCAC end.
8) during the data transmission on the data bus, the / CAS pin is stopped activation - is a high level, which began to enter into pre-charge period.
RAS and CAS will also be in the pre-charge period, until the next / RAS activation cycle to the next read operation. I believe that such instructions should be aware of the DRAM read. On this basis, we can begin to recognize the SIMM or DIMM latency (latency) problem. First of all, we continue to clarify a few concepts. DRAM latency types are divided into two types: access time (access time) and cycle time (cycle time). Access time (access time) with the front we are talking about the second type of delay is related with the read cycle delay time; cycle time (cycle time) in front of us talking about the first type delay , which is subject to the impact of the delay time between the two read cycles. Of course, the incubation period is very short, measured in nanoseconds.
As of asynchronous DRAM chips, the access time is to reach the row address pins from the row address from the time data is transmitted to the data pins of the time. In this way, the access time is 60 ns DIMM means that when we issued the command to read data, address data is sent to the address pins to wait 60 nm in order to achieve data output pin. Cycle time, literally from two sequential read time interval between the operations. How to reduce the DRAM cycle time and access time is the second half of this article will be discussed in detail.
We usually comes to DRAM memory is many nanoseconds here refers to the general (we will explain) Why take the nominal access time. We all know that the shorter the access time, means that the memory operating frequency will be higher. Of course, the higher the memory operating frequency means that you can adapt to the higher FSB of the processor. If the processor clock cycle is short and the long incubation period of the DRAM, the processor in a lot of time to wait for the DRAM transfer data. Therefore, when the DRAM must, such as incubation period is 70 ns, then one must wait for data 1GHz a PIII will be longer than a 400MHz PII, processor. Course, such a phenomenon is that each user would like to see, when the memory used by the slower or the faster your processor is relatively Yourprocessor will be more performance have been waiting such a wasted.
2012/04/24
2012/04/13
Car warehouse interior cleaning DIY coup
How to clean up the interior space? Now make the most of the owners have a headache, we have rarely able to see the owners cleaning the interior, I am afraid that the absolute majority would choose to go to the beauty shop or upholstery shop to do the regular care, however, this need not be. The daily cleaning of the car can own DIY, not only save money but also save.
How to fight against stains
Many owners are faced with this problem: encountered heavy weather, mat or cushion is the most dirty parts, so this time, interior cleaning agent is a cleaning tool car essential. Dirty at first, we have the best interior cleaning agent sprayed into place, soak for half a minute later, with a cloth or soft brush to clean the dirty parts, basic can completely erase the blot.
If it is encountered similar transparent plastic products like stick to the seats, we can also use medicated oil to smear. Stain area, we appropriate a few drops of medicated oil, and then back and forth with your fingers to smear dirt will soon be able to dissolve in medicated oil.
However, we need to pay attention to cleaning agents or medicated oil, we need to clarify both the scope of application, often cleaning agents to adapt to the plastic, leather, fabric, and carminative oil against viscosity strong stains (mostly applies to the instrument panel). The so-called "right", the different materials to choose a different product of the confrontation, in order to avoid the car by the erosion of the unknown material.
How to fight against fine dust
The portable vacuum cleaner functions much the same. Such as soot, dry mud, dust matter, we are the most common way to come up with the mat or cushion out to shake a few, but this is difficult to remove the card in the gap between the particles of dust, and often this time, the portable vacuum cleaner is essential. In general, the interior of the vehicle dead ends, especially the seats, it is the gathering place of dust and debris, but rely on the vacuum cleaner against these stains should be no great problem.
How to clean up the air conditioning vent
Air-conditioning
Outlet if the water, it is very easy to breed a small mold, but this place is often the most filth. Cleaning this place, the owners of more than buy on the market a variety of air-conditioning duct cleaning agent, but the cost may be higher, so, I would rather own DIY a.
Steps:
White vinegar diluted to 50% (water blending composition 1:1), and then opened the door and windows, air conditioning mode, tune into to the outer loop, as far as the tone gale.
2, open the engine hatch to find the entrance to the blower, high pressure gas insufflation. Remember: air guns, do not touch the blower impeller
3, the blending of good white vinegar lotion sprayed into the blower inlet can be. NOTE: After cleaning, do not forget to install the air conditioning filter in place
4 Wipe the air conditioning vent cleaning is completed. Note: Wipe the surface can be.
Summary: Some cleaning can own DIY, such as lemon or expired tea can get rid of the odor, detergent degreasers, carminative oil can wipe clean the dashboard solid stains, the owner can use these tips for the car on a regular basis cleaning, saving money and practical .
How to fight against stains
Many owners are faced with this problem: encountered heavy weather, mat or cushion is the most dirty parts, so this time, interior cleaning agent is a cleaning tool car essential. Dirty at first, we have the best interior cleaning agent sprayed into place, soak for half a minute later, with a cloth or soft brush to clean the dirty parts, basic can completely erase the blot.
If it is encountered similar transparent plastic products like stick to the seats, we can also use medicated oil to smear. Stain area, we appropriate a few drops of medicated oil, and then back and forth with your fingers to smear dirt will soon be able to dissolve in medicated oil.
However, we need to pay attention to cleaning agents or medicated oil, we need to clarify both the scope of application, often cleaning agents to adapt to the plastic, leather, fabric, and carminative oil against viscosity strong stains (mostly applies to the instrument panel). The so-called "right", the different materials to choose a different product of the confrontation, in order to avoid the car by the erosion of the unknown material.
How to fight against fine dust
The portable vacuum cleaner functions much the same. Such as soot, dry mud, dust matter, we are the most common way to come up with the mat or cushion out to shake a few, but this is difficult to remove the card in the gap between the particles of dust, and often this time, the portable vacuum cleaner is essential. In general, the interior of the vehicle dead ends, especially the seats, it is the gathering place of dust and debris, but rely on the vacuum cleaner against these stains should be no great problem.
How to clean up the air conditioning vent
Air-conditioning
Outlet if the water, it is very easy to breed a small mold, but this place is often the most filth. Cleaning this place, the owners of more than buy on the market a variety of air-conditioning duct cleaning agent, but the cost may be higher, so, I would rather own DIY a.
Steps:
White vinegar diluted to 50% (water blending composition 1:1), and then opened the door and windows, air conditioning mode, tune into to the outer loop, as far as the tone gale.
2, open the engine hatch to find the entrance to the blower, high pressure gas insufflation. Remember: air guns, do not touch the blower impeller
3, the blending of good white vinegar lotion sprayed into the blower inlet can be. NOTE: After cleaning, do not forget to install the air conditioning filter in place
4 Wipe the air conditioning vent cleaning is completed. Note: Wipe the surface can be.
Summary: Some cleaning can own DIY, such as lemon or expired tea can get rid of the odor, detergent degreasers, carminative oil can wipe clean the dashboard solid stains, the owner can use these tips for the car on a regular basis cleaning, saving money and practical .
2012/03/14
What is the key to the success of Portrait photography
What people photography? What is the key to the success of people photography?
People photography is static or dynamic character of the subject, focus on depicting the physical appearance and mental outlook, which direct the performance of a photographer. Any content involving characters and a variety of themes, characters belong to the scope of people photography. Such as: portrait, family life, friends and family togetherness, gracious couple, married Shou rituals, childhood documentary, campus dynamic, elderly evening scene, tourist spot, fashion wear, stage performances, sports activities, work site, festive event, customs, social news, body art, a wide variety everywhere optional. In general, the field of photographic art, with this specific category, in addition to portrait photography, more families, children, travel, weddings, sports, stage, social documentary and even the human body and other photography, distinctive interrelated, often concurrently attributed to people photography series, collectively referred to as people photography.
So far, the men have been since 1839 the birth of photography photography art often shoot new issue, and summarized the key to successful people photography, is to "Vivid". In real life, each person's physical appearance and character of the same mental outlook and the intelligentsia ever-changing. Photo of a figure, captures the subject's demeanor and emotional, but the appearance did not perform well, you can not afford to take a closer look, the lack of artistic expression; Conversely, if the looks remarkably like the demeanor and emotional without depiction of the character performance is bound to rigid, no charm. Therefore, people photography can not be limited to beat like, but should be based on the appearance of the characters weaknesses and highlight the beauty, to appearance, better able to communicate and mental outlook of carved figures, so that the characters in the picture looks better than The real subject is more beautiful, more lively, more energetic. Only be done first of all to "shape", to be expressive.
Comply with the requirements of the "Vivid" to make people photography, photographer in addition to correctly grasp the camera to use technology, but also to observe the excellent photography and learning about photography knowledge on the basis of careful observation often in life the various characters, seriously consider, develop quick thinking and judgment, so that the practice of people photography, unique eye deliberately novelty, seize the opportunity to select the theme, typical and vivid moment, and seize the subject to shoot an increase lifelike pictures of people.
Second, what kinds of shooting people photography?
Figure photography shoot no more than the shot put, capture, and put \ caught by combining three. Have their own characteristics and requirements, and each other, complement each other, respectively, constitute the indispensable figure photography modeling approach.
1, shot put
The entire photographic process, and always subject is fully aware of someone in their own pictures, so that photographers can have sufficient time to do shoot ready and subject to be at the mercy, to complete filming. Thus, the shooting mode is also known as mercy or can be called the shooting mode, the main full-known and used for portraits, group photos, commemorative photos, and advertising photos. But in the mercy of circumstances, the photographer should be multi-trying to subject ideas to relax, to coincide with the shooting.
2, snap
In the process of the whole photographer, never let the subject know that someone in their own pictures by the photographer to directly consume the typical character activities and vivid moment. Therefore, it can be called the shooting of the main I do not know. The shooting in this way, and perhaps composition, used up less than satisfactory, the photographic object, but in the unrestrained activities of state and manners are more natural look. But the subject needs more life experience and keen eyesight, good at crawling the subject is the most typical and the most fleeting activities of the various characters, the most engaging moments, to press the shutter.
Placed grab combination
The entire photographic process, although the subject to know someone in their own pictures, but does not tell the exact time of the shooting, so that the subject of attention is still focused on the things that are engaged in, and the photographer able to have some time, choose the best angle and light, and after adjustment and at the mercy of the smaller range of pressing the shutter at the appropriate time. This way of shooting, adopting both the strengths of both and snapshot photography, so caught in the pendulum swing \ in the crawl. Therefore, also known as Swing \ scratched, can also be called the main imperfect shooting.
People photography is static or dynamic character of the subject, focus on depicting the physical appearance and mental outlook, which direct the performance of a photographer. Any content involving characters and a variety of themes, characters belong to the scope of people photography. Such as: portrait, family life, friends and family togetherness, gracious couple, married Shou rituals, childhood documentary, campus dynamic, elderly evening scene, tourist spot, fashion wear, stage performances, sports activities, work site, festive event, customs, social news, body art, a wide variety everywhere optional. In general, the field of photographic art, with this specific category, in addition to portrait photography, more families, children, travel, weddings, sports, stage, social documentary and even the human body and other photography, distinctive interrelated, often concurrently attributed to people photography series, collectively referred to as people photography.
So far, the men have been since 1839 the birth of photography photography art often shoot new issue, and summarized the key to successful people photography, is to "Vivid". In real life, each person's physical appearance and character of the same mental outlook and the intelligentsia ever-changing. Photo of a figure, captures the subject's demeanor and emotional, but the appearance did not perform well, you can not afford to take a closer look, the lack of artistic expression; Conversely, if the looks remarkably like the demeanor and emotional without depiction of the character performance is bound to rigid, no charm. Therefore, people photography can not be limited to beat like, but should be based on the appearance of the characters weaknesses and highlight the beauty, to appearance, better able to communicate and mental outlook of carved figures, so that the characters in the picture looks better than The real subject is more beautiful, more lively, more energetic. Only be done first of all to "shape", to be expressive.
Comply with the requirements of the "Vivid" to make people photography, photographer in addition to correctly grasp the camera to use technology, but also to observe the excellent photography and learning about photography knowledge on the basis of careful observation often in life the various characters, seriously consider, develop quick thinking and judgment, so that the practice of people photography, unique eye deliberately novelty, seize the opportunity to select the theme, typical and vivid moment, and seize the subject to shoot an increase lifelike pictures of people.
Second, what kinds of shooting people photography?
Figure photography shoot no more than the shot put, capture, and put \ caught by combining three. Have their own characteristics and requirements, and each other, complement each other, respectively, constitute the indispensable figure photography modeling approach.
1, shot put
The entire photographic process, and always subject is fully aware of someone in their own pictures, so that photographers can have sufficient time to do shoot ready and subject to be at the mercy, to complete filming. Thus, the shooting mode is also known as mercy or can be called the shooting mode, the main full-known and used for portraits, group photos, commemorative photos, and advertising photos. But in the mercy of circumstances, the photographer should be multi-trying to subject ideas to relax, to coincide with the shooting.
2, snap
In the process of the whole photographer, never let the subject know that someone in their own pictures by the photographer to directly consume the typical character activities and vivid moment. Therefore, it can be called the shooting of the main I do not know. The shooting in this way, and perhaps composition, used up less than satisfactory, the photographic object, but in the unrestrained activities of state and manners are more natural look. But the subject needs more life experience and keen eyesight, good at crawling the subject is the most typical and the most fleeting activities of the various characters, the most engaging moments, to press the shutter.
Placed grab combination
The entire photographic process, although the subject to know someone in their own pictures, but does not tell the exact time of the shooting, so that the subject of attention is still focused on the things that are engaged in, and the photographer able to have some time, choose the best angle and light, and after adjustment and at the mercy of the smaller range of pressing the shutter at the appropriate time. This way of shooting, adopting both the strengths of both and snapshot photography, so caught in the pendulum swing \ in the crawl. Therefore, also known as Swing \ scratched, can also be called the main imperfect shooting.
2012/01/09
Maintenance of car engine
Everyone has a heart, if the heart stops beating, life will subsequently disappear. Car is no exception, the engine is the heart of the car, maintenance is good or bad a direct impact on vehicle performance and its service life. In order to make our car away from the "heart", we should cherish their love as the heart of the car's engine. The vehicle described below suffering from "heart" of the eight factors that may give you some benefit.
1, no scheduled maintenance
Usually people always like to put a lot of money on modifications, but easy to overlook the scheduled maintenance done to the engine. According to an experienced automotive master said: "in their handling of the maintenance of vehicles, poor maintenance of vehicles due to engine failure caused by the high 50% of total failure." Vehicles can be seen to extend the life of the engine maintenance can play a crucial the role. Of course, you will reduce unnecessary losses, or how to be "to raise on behalf of repair," the term.
2, oil and oil filter deterioration, poor
Different grades of oil quality in the process of using CPC will change. Vehicles after a certain mileage, performance will deteriorate, the engine could have caused various problems. To avoid these failures occur, the conditions should be combined with periodic oil changes to the car, and to fuel moderate, generally between the upper and lower limits to the oil gauge is better.
Oil from the oil filter through the pores when the oil and solid particles in viscous material accumulated in the filter. Such as filter plugging, oil can not be smoothly through the filter, the filter or open the safety valve will burst from the by-pass valve, still the dirt back to the lubrication points, prompting accelerated engine wear, plus the pollution within the polymer . Therefore, replacement of oil filter on a regular basis just as important.
3, the air filter clogged
Engine intake system air filter and inlet mainly of two parts. Depending on usage, periodically clean the air filter, you can use the methods of high-pressure air blown from the inside out, blow the dust in the filter. As the air filter for the paper, so pay attention when blowing air pressure can not be too high to prevent damage to the filter. In general, air filter cleaning should be replaced after three new, daily cleaning cycle can be driven by the regional air quality may be.
4, the intake pipe is too dirty
If vehicles are traveling on dusty, poor air quality, traffic area, you should pay attention to cleaning the intake pipe to ensure the smooth flow of intake. Intake pipe for the engine work is very important, if the intake pipe is too dirty, it will lead to a decline in volumetric efficiency, so that the engine output power can not be in the normal range of operation, increased engine wear and aging.
5, excessive crankcase sludge
The engine during operation, high-pressure combustion chamber unburned gas, acid, moisture, sulfur and nitrogen oxides through the piston ring and cylinder wall into the gap between the crankcase, the parts wear it with metal powder produced mixed together to form a sludge. A small amount of sludge suspended in the oil, when the large amount of precipitation from the oil, filter and plug the hole, causing the engine lubrication problems, thereby increasing engine wear. In addition, the oil will be generated in high temperature oxidation and carbon deposition coating bonded to the piston, the engine increases fuel consumption, power down, dead serious when the cylinder piston ring card.
6, fuel system maintenance poorly
Fuel system maintenance, including of fuel filter, cleaning the carburetor or fuel nozzles and oil pipeline. Fuel oil supply to the combustion chamber through the combustion process, will inevitably gum and coke formation in the oil channel, carburetor, fuel injectors and combustion chamber deposits down, interfere with the flow of fuel, disruption of normal air fuel ratio, poor fuel atomization, resulting in the engine breath shaking, knocking, unstable idle, acceleration and poor performance issues. Use clean fuel system cleaner fuel system, so the engine can always maintain the best condition.
7, water tanks rust, scaling
Engine water tank rust, scaling is the most common problems. Rust and scale will limit the coolant flow in the cooling system, reducing the cooling effect, leading to engine overheating, and even cause engine damage. Coolant will form acid oxidation, corrosion of metal parts in the tank, causing tank damage, leakage. Regular use of powerful and efficient cleaning agent tank cleaning water tanks, which remove rust and scale, not only to ensure the engine work, and extend the JVC overall life of the tank and engine.
8, the cooling system in poor condition
People on the car engine maintenance, particular attention is the lubrication system, with little attention to the cooling system. Little do they know the most common car engine failure, such as the piston-cylinder, knock, punch cylinder leakage, resulting in severe noise, acceleration power down, etc., are due to abnormal automobile engine operating temperature, pressure, cooling system status caused by poor. Cooling system in poor condition will lead directly to the engine can not work under normal temperature, followed by a serious fault will produce the above-mentioned phenomenon.
1, no scheduled maintenance
Usually people always like to put a lot of money on modifications, but easy to overlook the scheduled maintenance done to the engine. According to an experienced automotive master said: "in their handling of the maintenance of vehicles, poor maintenance of vehicles due to engine failure caused by the high 50% of total failure." Vehicles can be seen to extend the life of the engine maintenance can play a crucial the role. Of course, you will reduce unnecessary losses, or how to be "to raise on behalf of repair," the term.
2, oil and oil filter deterioration, poor
Different grades of oil quality in the process of using CPC will change. Vehicles after a certain mileage, performance will deteriorate, the engine could have caused various problems. To avoid these failures occur, the conditions should be combined with periodic oil changes to the car, and to fuel moderate, generally between the upper and lower limits to the oil gauge is better.
Oil from the oil filter through the pores when the oil and solid particles in viscous material accumulated in the filter. Such as filter plugging, oil can not be smoothly through the filter, the filter or open the safety valve will burst from the by-pass valve, still the dirt back to the lubrication points, prompting accelerated engine wear, plus the pollution within the polymer . Therefore, replacement of oil filter on a regular basis just as important.
3, the air filter clogged
Engine intake system air filter and inlet mainly of two parts. Depending on usage, periodically clean the air filter, you can use the methods of high-pressure air blown from the inside out, blow the dust in the filter. As the air filter for the paper, so pay attention when blowing air pressure can not be too high to prevent damage to the filter. In general, air filter cleaning should be replaced after three new, daily cleaning cycle can be driven by the regional air quality may be.
4, the intake pipe is too dirty
If vehicles are traveling on dusty, poor air quality, traffic area, you should pay attention to cleaning the intake pipe to ensure the smooth flow of intake. Intake pipe for the engine work is very important, if the intake pipe is too dirty, it will lead to a decline in volumetric efficiency, so that the engine output power can not be in the normal range of operation, increased engine wear and aging.
5, excessive crankcase sludge
The engine during operation, high-pressure combustion chamber unburned gas, acid, moisture, sulfur and nitrogen oxides through the piston ring and cylinder wall into the gap between the crankcase, the parts wear it with metal powder produced mixed together to form a sludge. A small amount of sludge suspended in the oil, when the large amount of precipitation from the oil, filter and plug the hole, causing the engine lubrication problems, thereby increasing engine wear. In addition, the oil will be generated in high temperature oxidation and carbon deposition coating bonded to the piston, the engine increases fuel consumption, power down, dead serious when the cylinder piston ring card.
6, fuel system maintenance poorly
Fuel system maintenance, including of fuel filter, cleaning the carburetor or fuel nozzles and oil pipeline. Fuel oil supply to the combustion chamber through the combustion process, will inevitably gum and coke formation in the oil channel, carburetor, fuel injectors and combustion chamber deposits down, interfere with the flow of fuel, disruption of normal air fuel ratio, poor fuel atomization, resulting in the engine breath shaking, knocking, unstable idle, acceleration and poor performance issues. Use clean fuel system cleaner fuel system, so the engine can always maintain the best condition.
7, water tanks rust, scaling
Engine water tank rust, scaling is the most common problems. Rust and scale will limit the coolant flow in the cooling system, reducing the cooling effect, leading to engine overheating, and even cause engine damage. Coolant will form acid oxidation, corrosion of metal parts in the tank, causing tank damage, leakage. Regular use of powerful and efficient cleaning agent tank cleaning water tanks, which remove rust and scale, not only to ensure the engine work, and extend the JVC overall life of the tank and engine.
8, the cooling system in poor condition
People on the car engine maintenance, particular attention is the lubrication system, with little attention to the cooling system. Little do they know the most common car engine failure, such as the piston-cylinder, knock, punch cylinder leakage, resulting in severe noise, acceleration power down, etc., are due to abnormal automobile engine operating temperature, pressure, cooling system status caused by poor. Cooling system in poor condition will lead directly to the engine can not work under normal temperature, followed by a serious fault will produce the above-mentioned phenomenon.
2011/12/06
How to maintain car brake system
Brake system for automotive safety-critical driving. However, the maintenance of the brake system is often overlooked by the driver. Often until the discovery of the brake system is not working properly when in the best brake system overhaul. This is very likely to lead to brake failure due to unexpected failures lead to disaster. Therefore, only the regular maintenance of the brake system and brake system maintenance to ensure the normal operation, thereby ensuring driving safety. Cars and small trucks brake system is mainly used brake fluid to pass brake force, and large passenger cars and heavy goods vehicles using pneumatic brake system. For different braking systems have different maintenance methods.
Regardless of any brake system, brake pads by the end (disc) or brake shoe (drum) complete the braking effect. Therefore, to regularly check the brake pads or brake shoe thickness. When the thickness is found close to or less than the minimum thickness specified by the manufacturer should be replaced immediately. Check the brake pads at the same time, also check brake disc or brake drum wear, such as timely access to dent the surface of the disc or drum brakes to ensure the contact area with the increased braking force.
For the oil brake the car, check the brake fluid before moving to the surface. Decline in oil is found, to immediately check whether the brake oil leakage areas. Because brake fluid absorbs moisture from the air, a long time will fail. According to the manufacturers require regular replacement of brake fluid. Best replaced once a year.
For pneumatic brake system, exhaust system should pay attention to regular and periodic replacement of water in the dryer. Gas system in the water will affect the corrosion of piping and the braking effect. Can lead to serious or even brake failure. Also, always check the work of fighting pump belt and pump wear. If problems are discovered must be promptly replaced.
Brake replacement cycle
Usually we will be on the dashboard brake warning light is illuminated for brake shoe as the basis to judge, but the bottom line is, if only for this time, is quite dangerous. To remind you that, although all vehicles have this warning system, but some direct sense the thickness of the brake shoe, while others are in the brake shoe has been completely finished grinding, brake fluid so extreme decline, will make warning lights up. If the latter, until the warning light, brake pads and brake discs have been the base metal is iron sharpens iron status, then, will see the bright edge of the tire near the rim of iron cut. Therefore, each time into the plant maintenance can be checked whether the brake pads, and early life of floor near the brake pads replaced, and the warning lights do not just believe.
Routine brake system maintenance
Clean, high-quality brake fluid, power brake system is safe and good basic condition. You should always buy the best quality brake fluid market. If brake fluid is dirty, rinse and let go of the whole system, and then filled with new fluid master cylinder. Do not reuse brake fluid, all from the system to be let go of the brake fluid should be discarded.
Maintenance projects in the brake system, the periodic inspection of the brake surface is the most important. Check at least once a month, more often the better.
Inhalation of asbestos dust is harmful to your health. With a dry brush or compressed air to remove dust and dirt on the brake system will scatter dust, as one can easily contain asbestos fibers, it is easy to damage health. Dust and dirt should be designed in addition to asbestos vacuum cleaner to deal with, and should use dust patterns. If there is no vacuum cleaner, then the maintenance of the brake assembly should be in a well ventilated place, and put through the identification of the virus contained breathing apparatus.
Check the brakes before, carefully wipe the dirt on the master cylinder, so as to avoid any dirt fall into the tank. Remove fasteners (usually pin) and the lid. No scale for the fuel tank, fuel tanks should be kept away from the top surface 6 mm, if the scale, the scale than another job as long as they can surface. If the master cylinder needs fuel, add line DOT3 or 4 brake fluid overload specification.
Careful Do not brake fluid base in paint, because it has a strong corrosive, would destroy the finish.
In a very long period of time if the total lack of brake fluid, and you always add, that it is clear that something wrong with your brakes, you should check the. The color of brake fluid warning. Color of brake fluid should not be too deep, and should not look like burnt. If so, then there is a problem, but this does not happen very often.
Regardless of any brake system, brake pads by the end (disc) or brake shoe (drum) complete the braking effect. Therefore, to regularly check the brake pads or brake shoe thickness. When the thickness is found close to or less than the minimum thickness specified by the manufacturer should be replaced immediately. Check the brake pads at the same time, also check brake disc or brake drum wear, such as timely access to dent the surface of the disc or drum brakes to ensure the contact area with the increased braking force.
For the oil brake the car, check the brake fluid before moving to the surface. Decline in oil is found, to immediately check whether the brake oil leakage areas. Because brake fluid absorbs moisture from the air, a long time will fail. According to the manufacturers require regular replacement of brake fluid. Best replaced once a year.
For pneumatic brake system, exhaust system should pay attention to regular and periodic replacement of water in the dryer. Gas system in the water will affect the corrosion of piping and the braking effect. Can lead to serious or even brake failure. Also, always check the work of fighting pump belt and pump wear. If problems are discovered must be promptly replaced.
Brake replacement cycle
Usually we will be on the dashboard brake warning light is illuminated for brake shoe as the basis to judge, but the bottom line is, if only for this time, is quite dangerous. To remind you that, although all vehicles have this warning system, but some direct sense the thickness of the brake shoe, while others are in the brake shoe has been completely finished grinding, brake fluid so extreme decline, will make warning lights up. If the latter, until the warning light, brake pads and brake discs have been the base metal is iron sharpens iron status, then, will see the bright edge of the tire near the rim of iron cut. Therefore, each time into the plant maintenance can be checked whether the brake pads, and early life of floor near the brake pads replaced, and the warning lights do not just believe.
Routine brake system maintenance
Clean, high-quality brake fluid, power brake system is safe and good basic condition. You should always buy the best quality brake fluid market. If brake fluid is dirty, rinse and let go of the whole system, and then filled with new fluid master cylinder. Do not reuse brake fluid, all from the system to be let go of the brake fluid should be discarded.
Maintenance projects in the brake system, the periodic inspection of the brake surface is the most important. Check at least once a month, more often the better.
Inhalation of asbestos dust is harmful to your health. With a dry brush or compressed air to remove dust and dirt on the brake system will scatter dust, as one can easily contain asbestos fibers, it is easy to damage health. Dust and dirt should be designed in addition to asbestos vacuum cleaner to deal with, and should use dust patterns. If there is no vacuum cleaner, then the maintenance of the brake assembly should be in a well ventilated place, and put through the identification of the virus contained breathing apparatus.
Check the brakes before, carefully wipe the dirt on the master cylinder, so as to avoid any dirt fall into the tank. Remove fasteners (usually pin) and the lid. No scale for the fuel tank, fuel tanks should be kept away from the top surface 6 mm, if the scale, the scale than another job as long as they can surface. If the master cylinder needs fuel, add line DOT3 or 4 brake fluid overload specification.
Careful Do not brake fluid base in paint, because it has a strong corrosive, would destroy the finish.
In a very long period of time if the total lack of brake fluid, and you always add, that it is clear that something wrong with your brakes, you should check the. The color of brake fluid warning. Color of brake fluid should not be too deep, and should not look like burnt. If so, then there is a problem, but this does not happen very often.
2011/11/25
Vehicle Autumn Maintenance Analysis
Into the fall, with the weather gradually cooler, many car owners have started to do "beauty detox", after all, after a summer of sun and wind, the windows open for a long time, a lot of dust accumulated inside , playing off the soot on the mat, the horizontal seat surface stains, shoe prints inside the lower side of the door, instrument panel and roof of the dust needs to properly handle it.
Day Traders Auto Sales & Service Co., said sales director for long, his hands to the car owners to "clean", there are many aspects that require attention.
Leather seats
Do not dry with a hair dryer emergency
Currently, the car seat is basically divided into the leather seats and plush seats two. For both seats, the maintenance methods are also different. Owners when their own hands clean leather seats, do not just spray chemical cleaning agents go, you can choose some of the strong alkaline cleaning agents, for example, commonly used in soap and water of life, the amount of soapy water into a soft towel, gently clean, dry air Cawan soap, after the soap-free wet towel and then wipe twice to. Day Traders Auto Sales & Service Co., Ltd. High Long warned: "In this process, it is worth noting that the consumer after cleaning do not use hair dryer to speed drying, the leather can not be exposure, apply a soft towel or tissue paper to avoid scratching the leather, causing leather fracture, the best in the cool air dry naturally. "
Fabric fabric seat disposed relatively simple. Woven velvet seats are not dirty, used a long-haired brush and strong suction vacuum cleaner with one side brush the surface of the seat, while the suction with a vacuum cleaner to suck out the dirt.
Car carpet
Do not scrub completely immersed into the water
The car is most likely dirty carpet, high-Long said that in the automotive carpet cleaning, many consumers are likely to enter errors, cleaning the entire carpet in the full immersion into the water scrub. In fact, such an approach is not desirable, on the one hand, all soaking will destroy the carpet bonding within the layers of different materials, on the other hand, this may cause the car washed, the carpet wet, corrosive chassis.
In fact, for not a dirty carpet, the vacuum cleaner with a brush head for cleaning process can be, if the carpet is dirty, then with detergent to remove dust before work, then spray the right amount of detergent with a brush scrub clean with a clean rag and siphoning off the excess detergent on it, so you can make any connection with both clean and washed before the carpet as soft.
Cleaning the instrument panel
Use anti-static cleaner
For the instrument panel and center console clean, high-Long told reporters, leather seats with center console clean principle similar to the principle of cleaning, cleaning tools you need to use central console with a clean cloth, mild detergent and water , should not wipe with a wet rag. Need to remind consumers that: Select the best type of cleaning agent with anti-static plastic cleaning agents, the effect will be better.
As the instrument panel of the various obstacles plenty of money, owners can prepare a "special tool", with a variety of different film thickness of wood or a ruler, put it into a ramp repair triangular head, different rectangular or tapered styles, and then with a clean cloth bag, simple and effective. You can use the dashboard dashboard wax maintenance.
Day Traders Auto Sales & Service Co., said sales director for long, his hands to the car owners to "clean", there are many aspects that require attention.
Leather seats
Do not dry with a hair dryer emergency
Currently, the car seat is basically divided into the leather seats and plush seats two. For both seats, the maintenance methods are also different. Owners when their own hands clean leather seats, do not just spray chemical cleaning agents go, you can choose some of the strong alkaline cleaning agents, for example, commonly used in soap and water of life, the amount of soapy water into a soft towel, gently clean, dry air Cawan soap, after the soap-free wet towel and then wipe twice to. Day Traders Auto Sales & Service Co., Ltd. High Long warned: "In this process, it is worth noting that the consumer after cleaning do not use hair dryer to speed drying, the leather can not be exposure, apply a soft towel or tissue paper to avoid scratching the leather, causing leather fracture, the best in the cool air dry naturally. "
Fabric fabric seat disposed relatively simple. Woven velvet seats are not dirty, used a long-haired brush and strong suction vacuum cleaner with one side brush the surface of the seat, while the suction with a vacuum cleaner to suck out the dirt.
Car carpet
Do not scrub completely immersed into the water
The car is most likely dirty carpet, high-Long said that in the automotive carpet cleaning, many consumers are likely to enter errors, cleaning the entire carpet in the full immersion into the water scrub. In fact, such an approach is not desirable, on the one hand, all soaking will destroy the carpet bonding within the layers of different materials, on the other hand, this may cause the car washed, the carpet wet, corrosive chassis.
In fact, for not a dirty carpet, the vacuum cleaner with a brush head for cleaning process can be, if the carpet is dirty, then with detergent to remove dust before work, then spray the right amount of detergent with a brush scrub clean with a clean rag and siphoning off the excess detergent on it, so you can make any connection with both clean and washed before the carpet as soft.
Cleaning the instrument panel
Use anti-static cleaner
For the instrument panel and center console clean, high-Long told reporters, leather seats with center console clean principle similar to the principle of cleaning, cleaning tools you need to use central console with a clean cloth, mild detergent and water , should not wipe with a wet rag. Need to remind consumers that: Select the best type of cleaning agent with anti-static plastic cleaning agents, the effect will be better.
As the instrument panel of the various obstacles plenty of money, owners can prepare a "special tool", with a variety of different film thickness of wood or a ruler, put it into a ramp repair triangular head, different rectangular or tapered styles, and then with a clean cloth bag, simple and effective. You can use the dashboard dashboard wax maintenance.
2011/11/15
Summary of types of electrical accidents
Electrical accidents including personal accident and equipment accidents. Personal accident and equipment accidents may lead to secondary accidents, and both may occur simultaneously. Electrical accidents are associated with electrical accidents. From the energy point of view, the electrical power will cause loss of control accidents. According to the form of electrical energy, electrical accidents can be divided into electric shock, lightning accidents, static electricity accident, incident electromagnetic radiation and electrical equipment accidents.
1, electric shock,
Electric shock from the current and its conversion into other forms of energy caused by the accident. Into shock and electric shock accident injuries. Shock is the current directly on the body caused by injury. Electric current injury is converted into heat energy, mechanical energy and other forms of energy in the human body caused by injury. Electric shock accidents often happen suddenly, in a very short period of time causing serious consequences.
Commonly referred to as electric shock refers to the shock. Shock into direct contact and indirect contact electric shock electric shock. The former is the normal state of touching live electrical shock occurs when the charged body, also known as the normal state of shock; reach the normal state which is not charged, but an accident during a fault condition occurs when the body charged live electrical attack, also known as electric shock under fault conditions.
Electric shock into the arc burns, the current burns, skin metal, electric branding, mechanical injury, lightning eye and other injuries. Arc burns are burns caused by the arc discharge, is the most dangerous electric shock. Arc temperature up to 8000 ℃. Can cause a large area, deep burns, and even charred, burned limbs and other parts.
2, lightning accident
Lightning accidents are caused by nature, Chiang Kai-shek, the negatively charged form of energy caused by the accident.
3, electrostatic accident
Accidents are caused by static electricity or process arising from human activities, relatively static positive charge and negative charge in the form of energy caused by the accident.
4, electromagnetic radiation hazards
Electromagnetic radiation is incident radiation energy in the form of electromagnetic waves caused by the accident. Electromagnetic radiation refers to electromagnetic frequencies above 100 kHz transition. In a certain intensity of high frequency electromagnetic radiation under crossing, the damage suffered by the human body mainly as dizziness, memory loss, poor sleep and other symptoms of neurasthenia. In severe cases, in addition to increased symptoms of neurasthenia, but also associated with cardiovascular symptoms. Electromagnetic waves damage the human body there is a lag, and may affect offspring by genetic factors. In addition to harm the human body, the high-frequency electromagnetic transition can cause high-frequency induction discharge and high-frequency interference.
In addition to radio equipment, high-frequency metal heating equipment (such as high-frequency quenching equipment, high-frequency welding equipment), high-frequency dielectric heating equipment (such as high-frequency heat sealing machine, drying equipment, insulation materials), is electromagnetic radiation dangerous equipment.
In order to prevent electromagnetic radiation hazards, should be taken to shield, absorb other special precautions. For high-frequency shielding and protection of the plate with a mesh screen can be copper, aluminum or steel. Necessary, consider double-shielded. If the shield plate coated with tiny particles material, can reduce the reflection of electromagnetic transition. More effectively absorb the energy of electromagnetic waves, constitute the so-called absorption shield.
5, electrical equipment failures and accidents.
Gas system failure caused the accident, including: abnormal power failure, abnormal electric, electrical equipment damage, electrical wire damage and short circuit, disconnection, grounding, electrical fires.
Abnormal power failure in the normal production process, a sudden power interruption. This makes the production process into chaos, resulting in economic losses; in some cases, will result in accidents and casualties.
Abnormal live in normal circumstances should not be charged or which part of the production facilities unexpected live. Easily lead to abnormal persons Battery for CANON BP-808 charged hurt.
1, electric shock,
Electric shock from the current and its conversion into other forms of energy caused by the accident. Into shock and electric shock accident injuries. Shock is the current directly on the body caused by injury. Electric current injury is converted into heat energy, mechanical energy and other forms of energy in the human body caused by injury. Electric shock accidents often happen suddenly, in a very short period of time causing serious consequences.
Commonly referred to as electric shock refers to the shock. Shock into direct contact and indirect contact electric shock electric shock. The former is the normal state of touching live electrical shock occurs when the charged body, also known as the normal state of shock; reach the normal state which is not charged, but an accident during a fault condition occurs when the body charged live electrical attack, also known as electric shock under fault conditions.
Electric shock into the arc burns, the current burns, skin metal, electric branding, mechanical injury, lightning eye and other injuries. Arc burns are burns caused by the arc discharge, is the most dangerous electric shock. Arc temperature up to 8000 ℃. Can cause a large area, deep burns, and even charred, burned limbs and other parts.
2, lightning accident
Lightning accidents are caused by nature, Chiang Kai-shek, the negatively charged form of energy caused by the accident.
3, electrostatic accident
Accidents are caused by static electricity or process arising from human activities, relatively static positive charge and negative charge in the form of energy caused by the accident.
4, electromagnetic radiation hazards
Electromagnetic radiation is incident radiation energy in the form of electromagnetic waves caused by the accident. Electromagnetic radiation refers to electromagnetic frequencies above 100 kHz transition. In a certain intensity of high frequency electromagnetic radiation under crossing, the damage suffered by the human body mainly as dizziness, memory loss, poor sleep and other symptoms of neurasthenia. In severe cases, in addition to increased symptoms of neurasthenia, but also associated with cardiovascular symptoms. Electromagnetic waves damage the human body there is a lag, and may affect offspring by genetic factors. In addition to harm the human body, the high-frequency electromagnetic transition can cause high-frequency induction discharge and high-frequency interference.
In addition to radio equipment, high-frequency metal heating equipment (such as high-frequency quenching equipment, high-frequency welding equipment), high-frequency dielectric heating equipment (such as high-frequency heat sealing machine, drying equipment, insulation materials), is electromagnetic radiation dangerous equipment.
In order to prevent electromagnetic radiation hazards, should be taken to shield, absorb other special precautions. For high-frequency shielding and protection of the plate with a mesh screen can be copper, aluminum or steel. Necessary, consider double-shielded. If the shield plate coated with tiny particles material, can reduce the reflection of electromagnetic transition. More effectively absorb the energy of electromagnetic waves, constitute the so-called absorption shield.
5, electrical equipment failures and accidents.
Gas system failure caused the accident, including: abnormal power failure, abnormal electric, electrical equipment damage, electrical wire damage and short circuit, disconnection, grounding, electrical fires.
Abnormal power failure in the normal production process, a sudden power interruption. This makes the production process into chaos, resulting in economic losses; in some cases, will result in accidents and casualties.
Abnormal live in normal circumstances should not be charged or which part of the production facilities unexpected live. Easily lead to abnormal persons Battery for CANON BP-808 charged hurt.
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